bokeh.palettes

Provide a collection of palettes for color mapping.

In the context of Bokeh, a palette is a simple plain Python list of (hex) RGB color strings. For example the Blues8 palette which looks like is defined as:

('#084594', '#2171b5', '#4292c6', '#6baed6', '#9ecae1', '#c6dbef', '#deebf7', '#f7fbff')

This module contains the following sets of palettes:

• All ColorBrewer palettes

• Categorical D3 palettes

• The Matplotlib palettes Magma, Inferno, Plasma, and Viridis

• A Bokeh palette comprised of the Bokeh shutter logo colors

• Palettes designed for color-deficient usability

Additionally, you can also use any of the 256-color perceptually uniform Bokeh palettes from the external colorcet package, if it is installed.

---

Every pre-built palette is available as a module attributes, e.g. bokeh.palettes.YlGn3 or bokeh.palettes.Viridis256. The name of each pre-built palette can be found in the __palettes__ module attribute.

There are also functions such as magma() and viridis() that can generate lists of colors of arbitrary size from special larger palettes.

The Brewer palettes are also collected and grouped by name in a brewer dictionary, e.g.: brewer['Spectral'][6]. Similarly there are attributes d3, mpl, and tol that have dictionaries corresponding to the those groups of palettes.

Finally, all palettes are collected in the all_palettes palettes module attribute, and the “small” palettes (i.e. excluding the ones with 256 colors) are collected and in a small_palettes attribute.

Built-in Palettes

Matplotlib Palettes

Bokeh includes the Matplotlib palettes Magma, Inferno, Plasma, Viridis, and Cividis. This section shows the pre-defined small palettes in this group. There are also large 256-color versions of these palettes, shown below in the Large Palettes section.

Cividis
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Inferno
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Magma
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Plasma
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Viridis
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

D3 Palettes

Bokeh includes the categorical palettes from D3, which are shown below:

Category10
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Category20
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Category20b
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Category20c
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Brewer Palettes

Bokeh includes all the ColorBrewer palettes, shown below:

Accent
3
4
5
6
7
8

Blues
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

BrBG
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

BuGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

BuPu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Dark2
3
4
5
6
7
8

GnBu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Greens
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Greys
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

OrRd
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Oranges
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

PRGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Paired
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Pastel1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Pastel2
3
4
5
6
7
8

PiYG
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

PuBu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

PuBuGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

PuOr
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

PuRd
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Purples
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

RdBu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

RdGy
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

RdPu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

RdYlBu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

RdYlGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Reds
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Set1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Set2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Set3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Spectral
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

YlGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

YlGnBu
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

YlOrBr
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

YlOrRd
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Bokeh Palette

Bokeh’s own palette, comprised of the shutter logo colors:

Bokeh
3
4
5
6
7
8

Accessible Palettes

Bokeh includes some palettes that are useful for addressing color deficiencies, which contains Paul Tol’s color schemes, and Colorblind from https://jfly.uni-koeln.de/color/#pallet.

Bright
3
4
5
6
7

BuRd
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

HighContrast
3

Iridescent
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Light
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

MediumContrast
3
4
5
6

Muted
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Sunset
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

TolPRGn
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

TolRainbow
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

TolYlOrBr
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Vibrant
3
4
5
6
7

Colorblind
3
4
5
6
7
8

The following palettes are also introduced in Paul Tol’s color schemes but with different usage. PaleTextBackground should be used for the background of black text. DarkText is meant for text itself on a white background. The idea is to use one dark color for support, not all combined and not for just one word.

PaleTextBackground:

DarkText:

Large Palettes

In addition to all the palettes shown above, which are available in the small_palettes attribute, the bokeh.palettes module also has some larger palettes with 256 colors. These are shown below:

Greys256:

(brewer)

Inferno256:

(mpl)

Magma256:

(mpl)

Plasma256:

(mpl)

Viridis256:

(mpl)

Cividis256:

(mpl)

Turbo256:

(mpl)

Many other 256-color perceptually uniform palettes are available in the external colorcet package.

Other Attributes

In addition to all the palettes described in the section above, there are the following notable attributes in the bokeh.palettes module:

__palettes__

An alphabetical list of the names of all individual palettes in this module.

For example, the first eight palette names are:

>>> bp.__palettes__[:8]
('Accent3', 'Accent4', 'Accent5', 'Accent6', 'Accent7', 'Accent8', 'Blues3', 'Blues4')

Note

The full list of all palettes is also available as an enumeration from bokeh.core.enums:

Palette = Enumeration(Accent3, Accent4, Accent5, A .... Rd5, YlOrRd6, YlOrRd7, YlOrRd8, YlOrRd9)

See all values

Enumeration(Accent3, Accent4, Accent5, Accent6, Accent7, Accent8,

    Blues3, Blues4, Blues5, Blues6, Blues7, Blues8, Blues9, Blues256,

    Bokeh3, Bokeh4, Bokeh5, Bokeh6, Bokeh7, Bokeh8, BrBG3, BrBG4,

    BrBG5, BrBG6, BrBG7, BrBG8, BrBG9, BrBG10, BrBG11, Bright3,

    Bright4, Bright5, Bright6, Bright7, BuGn3, BuGn4, BuGn5, BuGn6,

    BuGn7, BuGn8, BuGn9, BuPu3, BuPu4, BuPu5, BuPu6, BuPu7, BuPu8,

    BuPu9, BuRd3, BuRd4, BuRd5, BuRd6, BuRd7, BuRd8, BuRd9,

    Category10_3, Category10_4, Category10_5, Category10_6,

    Category10_7, Category10_8, Category10_9, Category10_10,

    Category20_3, Category20_4, Category20_5, Category20_6,

    Category20_7, Category20_8, Category20_9, Category20_10,

    Category20_11, Category20_12, Category20_13, Category20_14,

    Category20_15, Category20_16, Category20_17, Category20_18,

    Category20_19, Category20_20, Category20b3, Category20b4,

    Category20b5, Category20b6, Category20b7, Category20b8,

    Category20b9, Category20b10, Category20b11, Category20b12,

    Category20b13, Category20b14, Category20b15, Category20b16,

    Category20b17, Category20b18, Category20b19, Category20b20,

    Category20c3, Category20c4, Category20c5, Category20c6,

    Category20c7, Category20c8, Category20c9, Category20c10,

    Category20c11, Category20c12, Category20c13, Category20c14,

    Category20c15, Category20c16, Category20c17, Category20c18,

    Category20c19, Category20c20, Cividis3, Cividis4, Cividis5,

    Cividis6, Cividis7, Cividis8, Cividis9, Cividis10, Cividis11,

    Cividis256, Colorblind3, Colorblind4, Colorblind5, Colorblind6,

    Colorblind7, Colorblind8, Dark2_3, Dark2_4, Dark2_5, Dark2_6,

    Dark2_7, Dark2_8, GnBu3, GnBu4, GnBu5, GnBu6, GnBu7, GnBu8, GnBu9,

    Greens3, Greens4, Greens5, Greens6, Greens7, Greens8, Greens9,

    Greens256, Greys3, Greys4, Greys5, Greys6, Greys7, Greys8, Greys9,

    Greys256, HighContrast3, Inferno3, Inferno4, Inferno5, Inferno6,

    Inferno7, Inferno8, Inferno9, Inferno10, Inferno11, Inferno256,

    Iridescent3, Iridescent4, Iridescent5, Iridescent6, Iridescent7,

    Iridescent8, Iridescent9, Iridescent10, Iridescent11,

    Iridescent12, Iridescent13, Iridescent14, Iridescent15,

    Iridescent16, Iridescent17, Iridescent18, Iridescent19,

    Iridescent20, Iridescent21, Iridescent22, Iridescent23, Light3,

    Light4, Light5, Light6, Light7, Light8, Light9, Magma3, Magma4,

    Magma5, Magma6, Magma7, Magma8, Magma9, Magma10, Magma11,

    Magma256, MediumContrast3, MediumContrast4, MediumContrast5,

    MediumContrast6, Muted3, Muted4, Muted5, Muted6, Muted7, Muted8,

    Muted9, OrRd3, OrRd4, OrRd5, OrRd6, OrRd7, OrRd8, OrRd9, Oranges3,

    Oranges4, Oranges5, Oranges6, Oranges7, Oranges8, Oranges9,

    Oranges256, PRGn3, PRGn4, PRGn5, PRGn6, PRGn7, PRGn8, PRGn9,

    PRGn10, PRGn11, Paired3, Paired4, Paired5, Paired6, Paired7,

    Paired8, Paired9, Paired10, Paired11, Paired12, Pastel1_3,

    Pastel1_4, Pastel1_5, Pastel1_6, Pastel1_7, Pastel1_8, Pastel1_9,

    Pastel2_3, Pastel2_4, Pastel2_5, Pastel2_6, Pastel2_7, Pastel2_8,

    PiYG3, PiYG4, PiYG5, PiYG6, PiYG7, PiYG8, PiYG9, PiYG10, PiYG11,

    Plasma3, Plasma4, Plasma5, Plasma6, Plasma7, Plasma8, Plasma9,

    Plasma10, Plasma11, Plasma256, PuBu3, PuBu4, PuBu5, PuBu6, PuBu7,

    PuBu8, PuBu9, PuBuGn3, PuBuGn4, PuBuGn5, PuBuGn6, PuBuGn7,

    PuBuGn8, PuBuGn9, PuOr3, PuOr4, PuOr5, PuOr6, PuOr7, PuOr8, PuOr9,

    PuOr10, PuOr11, PuRd3, PuRd4, PuRd5, PuRd6, PuRd7, PuRd8, PuRd9,

    Purples3, Purples4, Purples5, Purples6, Purples7, Purples8,

    Purples9, Purples256, RdBu3, RdBu4, RdBu5, RdBu6, RdBu7, RdBu8,

    RdBu9, RdBu10, RdBu11, RdGy3, RdGy4, RdGy5, RdGy6, RdGy7, RdGy8,

    RdGy9, RdGy10, RdGy11, RdPu3, RdPu4, RdPu5, RdPu6, RdPu7, RdPu8,

    RdPu9, RdYlBu3, RdYlBu4, RdYlBu5, RdYlBu6, RdYlBu7, RdYlBu8,

    RdYlBu9, RdYlBu10, RdYlBu11, RdYlGn3, RdYlGn4, RdYlGn5, RdYlGn6,

    RdYlGn7, RdYlGn8, RdYlGn9, RdYlGn10, RdYlGn11, Reds3, Reds4,

    Reds5, Reds6, Reds7, Reds8, Reds9, Reds256, Set1_3, Set1_4,

    Set1_5, Set1_6, Set1_7, Set1_8, Set1_9, Set2_3, Set2_4, Set2_5,

    Set2_6, Set2_7, Set2_8, Set3_3, Set3_4, Set3_5, Set3_6, Set3_7,

    Set3_8, Set3_9, Set3_10, Set3_11, Set3_12, Spectral3, Spectral4,

    Spectral5, Spectral6, Spectral7, Spectral8, Spectral9, Spectral10,

    Spectral11, Sunset3, Sunset4, Sunset5, Sunset6, Sunset7, Sunset8,

    Sunset9, Sunset10, Sunset11, TolPRGn3, TolPRGn4, TolPRGn5,

    TolPRGn6, TolPRGn7, TolPRGn8, TolPRGn9, TolRainbow3, TolRainbow4,

    TolRainbow5, TolRainbow6, TolRainbow7, TolRainbow8, TolRainbow9,

    TolRainbow10, TolRainbow11, TolRainbow12, TolRainbow13,

    TolRainbow14, TolRainbow15, TolRainbow16, TolRainbow17,

    TolRainbow18, TolRainbow19, TolRainbow20, TolRainbow21,

    TolRainbow22, TolRainbow23, TolYlOrBr3, TolYlOrBr4, TolYlOrBr5,

    TolYlOrBr6, TolYlOrBr7, TolYlOrBr8, TolYlOrBr9, Turbo3, Turbo4,

    Turbo5, Turbo6, Turbo7, Turbo8, Turbo9, Turbo10, Turbo11,

    Turbo256, Vibrant3, Vibrant4, Vibrant5, Vibrant6, Vibrant7,

    Viridis3, Viridis4, Viridis5, Viridis6, Viridis7, Viridis8,

    Viridis9, Viridis10, Viridis11, Viridis256, YlGn3, YlGn4, YlGn5,

    YlGn6, YlGn7, YlGn8, YlGn9, YlGnBu3, YlGnBu4, YlGnBu5, YlGnBu6,

    YlGnBu7, YlGnBu8, YlGnBu9, YlOrBr3, YlOrBr4, YlOrBr5, YlOrBr6,

    YlOrBr7, YlOrBr8, YlOrBr9, YlOrRd3, YlOrRd4, YlOrRd5, YlOrRd6,

    YlOrRd7, YlOrRd8, YlOrRd9)

all_palettes

All built-in palette groups. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. Viridis, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> all_palettes['Viridis'][4]
('#440154', '#30678D', '#35B778', '#FDE724')

The resulting palette looks like:

brewer

Palette groups included from ColorBrewer. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. YlGnBu, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> brewer['YlGnBu'][4]
('#225ea8', '#41b6c4', '#a1dab4', '#ffffcc')

The resulting palette looks like:

d3

Categorical palette groups included from D3. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. Category20b, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> d3['Category20b'][4]
('#393b79', '#5254a3', '#6b6ecf', '#9c9ede')

The resulting palette looks like:

The names of the D3 palette groups are: Category10, Category20, Category20b, Category20c

mpl

Palette groups included from Matplotlib. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. Plasma, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> mpl['Plasma'][4]
('#440154', '#30678D', '#35B778', '#FDE724')

The resulting palette looks like:

The names of the MPL palette groups are: Inferno, Magma Plasma, Viridis

tol

A set of accessible palettes from Paul Tol’s color schemes. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. Bright, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> tol['Bright'][4]
('#4477AA', '#EE6677', '#228833', '#CCBB44')

The resulting palette looks like:

The names of the Tol palette groups are: Bright, HighContrast, Vibrant, Muted, MediumContrast, Light, Sunset, BuRd, TolPRGn, TolYlOrBr, Iridescent, TolRainbow

small_palettes

All palette groups, excluding 256-length palettes. This dictionary is indexed with a palette name to obtain a complete group of palettes, e.g. Viridis, and then further indexed with an integer to select a palette of a specific size from the group:

>> small_palettes['Viridis'][4]
('#440154', '#30678D', '#35B778', '#FDE724')

The resulting palette looks like:

Functions

The bokeh.palettes module also has several functions that can be used to generate palettes of arbitrary size.

cividis(n)

Generate a palette of colors from the Cividis palette.

The full Cividis palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> cividis(6)
('#00204C', '#31446B', '#666870', '#958F78', '#CAB969', '#FFE945')

The resulting palette looks like:

diverging_palette(palette1, palette2, n, midpoint)

Generate a new palette by combining exactly two input palettes.

Given an input palette1 and palette2, take a combined n colors, and combine input palettes at the relative midpoint. palette1 and palette2 are meant to be sequential palettes that proceed left to right from perceptually dark to light colors. In that case the returned palette is comprised of the input palettes connected at perceptually light ends. Palettes are combined by piecewise linear interpolation.

Parameters:

• palette1 (seq[str]) – A sequence of hex RGB color strings for the first palette

• palette2 (seq[str]) – A sequence of hex RGB color strings for the second palette

• n (int) – The size of the output palette to generate

• midpoint (float, optional) – Relative position in the returned palette where input palettes are connected (default: 0.5)

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the possible combined length the input palettes –

gray(n)

Generate a palette of colors or from the Greys palette.

The full Greys palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> gray(6)
('#000000', '#333333', '#666666', '#999999', '#cccccc', '#ffffff')

The resulting palette looks like:

Note

This function also has the alternate spelling grey

grey(n)

Generate a palette of colors from the Greys palette.

The full Greys palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> grey(6)
('#000000', '#333333', '#666666', '#999999', '#cccccc', '#ffffff')

The resulting palette looks like:

Note

This function also has the alternate spelling gray

inferno(n)

Generate a palette of colors from the Inferno palette.

The full Inferno palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> inferno(6)
('#000003', '#410967', '#932567', '#DC5039', '#FBA40A', '#FCFEA4')

The resulting palette looks like:

interp_palette(palette, n)

Generate a new palette by interpolating a given palette.

Linear interpolation is performed separately on each of the RGBA components.

Parameters:

• palette (seq[str]) – A sequence of hex RGB(A) color strings to create new palette from

• n (int) – The size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB(A) color strings

Return type:

tuple[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is negative or the supplied palette is empty. –

linear_palette(palette, n)

Generate a new palette as a subset of a given palette.

Given an input palette, take n colors from it by dividing its length into n (approximately) evenly spaced indices.

Parameters:

• palette (seq[str]) – a sequence of hex RGB color strings

• n (int) – the size of the output palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n > len(palette) –

magma(n)

Generate a palette of colors from the Magma palette.

The full Magma palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> magma(6)
('#000003', '#3B0F6F', '#8C2980', '#DD4968', '#FD9F6C', '#FBFCBF')

The resulting palette looks like:

varying_alpha_palette(palette, n, start_alpha, end_alpha)

Generate a palette that is a single color with linearly varying alpha.

Alpha may vary from low to high or high to low, depending on the values of start_alpha and end_alpha.

Parameters:

• color (str) – Named color or RGB(A) hex color string. Any alpha component is combined with the start_alpha to end_alpha range by multiplying them together, so it is the maximum possible alpha that can be obtained.

• n (int, optional) – The size of the palette to generate. If not specified uses the maximum number of colors such that adjacent colors differ by an alpha of 1.

• start_alpha (int, optional) – The alpha component of the start of the palette is this value (in the range 0 to 255) multiplied by the alpha component of the color argument.

• end_alpha (int, optional) – The alpha component of the end of the palette is this value (in the range 0 to 255) multiplied by the alpha component of the color argument.

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGBA color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if color is not recognisable as a string name or hex – RGB(A) string, or if start_alpha or end_alpha are outside the range 0 to 255 inclusive.

viridis(n)

Generate a palette of colors from the Viridis palette.

The full Viridis palette that serves as input for deriving new palettes has 256 colors, and looks like:

Parameters:

n (int) – size of the palette to generate

Returns:

a sequence of hex RGB color strings

Return type:

seq[str]

Raises:

ValueError if n is greater than the base palette length of 256 –

Examples:

>>> viridis(6)
('#440154', '#404387', '#29788E', '#22A784', '#79D151', '#FDE724')

The resulting palette looks like:

Licenses

The respective licenses for all the palettes included in Bokeh are viewable as a comment at the top of the src/bokeh/palettes.py source file.